№ 5 (39)

The purpose of the research is to increase the level of security of electronic document metadata in the face of destructive influences from authorized users (insiders).Research methods: new scientific results allowed using a combination of data integrity control method based on the «write once» method and of authentication of HMAС messages (hash-based message authentication, as well as graph theory methods. Research result: a method of cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of electronic documents metadata is proposed. The analysis of the object of the study was carried out, based on the results of which it was concluded that it is necessary to effectively protect the metadata of electronic documents processed by automated information systems of electronic document management. Developed and described a mathematical model of the proposed method, based on graph theory.The developed technical solution makes it possible to implement the functions of cryptographic recursive two-dimensional control of the integrity of the metadata of electronic documents, as well as to provide the possibility of localizing modified (with signs of violation of integrity) metadata records, in conditions of destructive influences of authorized users (insiders). This, in turn, reduces the likelihood of collusion between trusted parties by introducing mutual control over the results of their actions. The proposed solution makes it possible to ensure control of the integrity of data processed by departmental automated information systems of electronic document management, where, due to the peculiarities of their construction, it is impossible to effectively use the currently popular blockchain technology.
Keywords: automated information systems, electronic document management, metadata management, insider, chain data recording, dynamic ledger, hash function, electronic signature.

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Purpose of the article: development of an algorithm for dynamic analysis of the source codes of cryptographic protocols using the PDA language for the possibility of using your own attack models.Method: a source code generation method was used to simulate the attacker’s side when transmitting messages between legal parties according to the Dolev-Yao model. The method of false termination is also used, which is used in dynamic analysis and allows detecting attacks during simulation.Results: this paper presents the PDA language for dynamic analysis of the source codes of cryptographic protocols. An approach to dynamic analysis based on the principle of false termination is described. The process of modeling an active attack by an intruder is presented. The elements of the PDA language are described and an example of the description of the test protocol in this language is given. A test protocol in the C# programming language has been implemented. The effectiveness of the dynamic analysis was tested by simulating a replay attack. The security verification of the test cryptographic protocol was carried out using the well-known verification tools Scyther and Avispa. The comparison of the main indicators of the known means and the dynamic protocol analyzer proposed by the authors is carried out. The main advantages of the approach proposed by the authors are presented. The further direction of work is described.
Keywords: dynamic analysis, cryptographic protocols, source code, analysis, dpa, modeling, cryptography, verification.

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Purpose: providing information security on servers of various destinations of an automated system based on the formulation of an optimization task setting for selecting auxiliary processes for information protection, developing and researching algorithms for solving this problem.Method: To solve the problem, the authors propose two exact algorithms for incomplete search with exponential computational complexity, based on the ideas of the Balash method. One algorithm starts with a solution consisting of all ones, and the second algorithm starts with a solution consisting of all zeros. Also proposed are two approximate algorithms with polynomial complexity, based on the ideas of the “greedy” algorithm, one algorithm starts the search from a zero solution, the other from all-one solution.Result: Mathematical model and algorithms for solving the problem of selecting processes to protect information in conditions of limited computing resources of servers. The process selection model is a Boolean programming problem with a non-linear quality indicator and linear constraints. The indicator provides an estimate of the damage prevented when using the selected processes, taking into account the probability or possibility of various attacks on servers, the value of stored data, and the probability of protection from attacks using processes. During the experiments, recommendations were developed for choosing one of two algorithms (search starting from the zero solution and search starting from all-one solution) among pairs of exact and approximate algorithms depending on the availability of resources in order to reduce the time to solve the problem.
Keywords: information security, discrete optimization, boolean programming, resource ratio, computational complexity of the algorithm, approximate solution.

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tehno-logii Sbornik trudov Devjatoj vserossijskoj nauchno-tehnicheskoj konferencii, 2018, pp. 33-38.
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The purpose of the article is to support the processes of preventing information security incidents in conditions of high uncertainty.Method: methods of mathematical (theoretical) computer science and fuzzy set theory.Result: an information security Incident, including a computer incident, is considered as a violation or termination of the functioning of an automated information system and (or) a violation of information stored and processed in this system, including those caused by a computer attack. Information descriptions are presented in the form of structured data about signs of computer attacks. Structured data is the final sequence of strings of symbols in a formal language. The Damerau-Levenstein editorial rule is proposed as a metric for measuring the distance between strings of characters from a particular alphabet. The possibility of presenting the semantics of information descriptions of attack features in the form of fuzzy sets is proved. Thresholds (degrees) of separation of fuzzy information descriptions are defined. The influence of semantic certainty of information descriptions of features (degrees of blurring of fuzzy information descriptions) on the decision-making about their identity (similarity) is evaluated. It is shown that the semantic component of information descriptions of signs of computer attacks presupposes the presence of some semantic metric (for its measurement and interpretation), which, as a rule, is formally poorly defined, ambiguously interpreted and characterized by uncertainty of the type of fuzziness, the presence of semantic information and the inability to directly apply a probabilistic measure to determine the degree of similarity of input and stored information descriptions of signs. An approach is proposed to identify fuzzy information descriptions of computer attacks and to apply methods for separating elements of reference sets on which these information descriptions are defined. It is shown that the results of the procedure for identifying fuzzy information descriptions of computer attacks depend on the degree of separation of the reference sets and on the indicators of semantic uncertainty of these descriptions.
Keywords: signs of a computer attack, information description, semantics, uncertainty, fuzzy set, membership function, degree of separation, information, alphabet, character strings, editorial distance.

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Purpose of the article: The main approaches of an effective automated optoelectronic ground-space monitoring system construction provided visual information secure processing in conditions of information rivalry are considered.Research method: solving the main tasks of the AOES NKM - objects of interest stabilization, detection, localization and classification in photo and video data in relation to various background-target environments, the use of a protection measures set and the fight against information and technical impact deliberate destructive disturbing factors by rational directions of their prevention and the consequences of their manifestation timely elimination development.Obtained result: The main approaches provided visual information secure processing in the context of information rivalry in an automated optoelectronic ground-space monitoring system are presented.
Keywords: optoelectronic system, visual information processing, efficiency, secure processing.

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The purpose of the article: study theoretical approaches and practical schemes for implementing international significant electronic document flow and making proposals for designing any electronic services for holding companies.Research method: Systematic analysis of modern approaches and practical schemes for implementing international significant electronic document flow, including methods for ensuring trust for holding companies operating in various jurisdictions.The result obtained: the scheme for ensuring an internationally significant electronic document flow for holding companies operating in various jurisdictions is proposed. Options for ensuring trust in electronic services provided in various locations are shown. The most significant information security risks are identified and countermeasures to reduce them are proposed. This result can be applied in practice to ensure the legal significance of electronic documents for safety cross-border information exchange, including for companies operating in different jurisdictions.
Keywords: international significant electronic document flow, electronic services, electronic signature, certification center, holding company, jurisdiction 

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The aim of the study is to systematize the principles of building information technologies that are essential from the point of view of information risk assessment, and to form, on this basis, a model that provides the ability to analyze risk factors when building secure information systems.Methods: when developing the model, the methods of game theory and set theory were used.The result: the model is focused on taking into account the conflicting nature of interaction between information technologies and sources of threats to information security. The information technology system is considered as an interconnected set of technologies of the warring parties, providing the processes of practical activity of one of them, which allows, on a unified methodological basis, to analyze the vulnerabilities of information technologies, scenarios for the implementation of threats, as well as to optimize technological solutions for information protection.The model is characterized by a high degree of generalization, since its main elements are abstract entities: a set of information technologies used by the parties; sets of information operations, implemented by technologies; information and control relationships on sets of technologies and operations. To use the model requires a preliminary development of the list and characteristics of these sets and relations in relation to specific information technologies.
Keywords: information conflict, information operations, information risk, computer architecture, network architecture, risk factors.

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Purpose: To identify the current strategic stability problems associated with the destructive impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the basis of analysis and systematization according to various parameters of cyber risks and threats to international security and global stability that can reduce the level of strategic stability and to develop relevant proposals that can lay the foundation for creation of a deterrence policy in the ICT domain.Research method: analysis, synthesis and scientific forecasting, expert assessment, comparative analysis of the cyber domain within the framework of a systematic approach.Result: the article presents analysis and systematization risks and threats to international security and global stability emanating from the cyber sphere according to various parameters. The article proves the impact of the accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICT) on strategic stability, and that ensuring the cybersecurity of nuclear weapons requires special attention. The global problems of strategic stability at the current stage are posed and the conclusions are that the protection of strategic weapons, early warning systems, air and missile defense, communications, command and control over nuclear weapons from harmful ICTs are the pressing global problems of our time. Specific scenarios of cyber threats leading to a decrease in the level of strategic stability below the necessary and sufficient level have been elaborated, and proposals have been formulated to minimize the corresponding escalation threats. Proposed measures can become a basis for a deterrence policy in the ICT domain, as it was done during the period of bipolarity with regard to nuclear weapons, and become the foundation for broader international agreements on arms control in the so-called nuclear information space of the future.
Keywords: Information and communication technology (ICT), information space, cyber weapon, informational threat, cyber threat, cyberattack, strategic stability, command and control system, nuclear weapon, critical national infrastructure (CI). 

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