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Purpose of the work: identifying current areas of threats implementation to information security of various systems using artificial intelligence technologies and the main tasks of information protection, in which artificial intelligence technologies are used. Research method: system analysis of open sources and publication on the state of development of modern artificial intelligence technologies that create new threats to information security and privacy, and the possibility of using ar tificial intelligence technologies to improve the efficiency of the information security system.
Result: the results of the analysis of the main tasks of information protection in various areas of information security are presented, including the use of artificial intelligence in computer systems and networks: detection of computer attacks; detection of malware; detection of modification and substitution of data and messages; detection and prevention of leaks of confidential data in corporate networks; assessment of information security risks; increasing the reliability and cyber stability of computer systems and networks, in computing and technical systems. Scientific novelty: the methods of information protection are systematized from the point of view of the application of artificial intelligence technologies and systems in relation to the task of information protection. The threats implemented using artificial intelligence technologies are classified: «forgery» of biometric identification features in order to gain access to an object or system by forming identification features belonging to a trusted subject; formation of false speech messages imitating the speech of a specific person; creation of false photos and videos involving specific persons; «forgery» of texts imitating the style of certain authors and others.
Keywords: information security, information protection, artificial intelligence technologies, threats to information security, cybersecurity

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The goal of the investigation: increasing the efficiency of searching for vulnerabilities in machine code of programs by reverse engineering it based on genetic algorithms, for which the particular problem of predicting the size of source code in the C programming language from its compiled version is solved. Research methods: works survey, system analysis, synthesis, computer modeling, experiment.
Result: a method has been created for obtaining the dependence of the size of the source code (expressed in programming language tokens) on the corresponding machine code, which allows solving the particular problem of determining the length of an individual's chromosome within the framework of reverse engineering based on genetic algorithms; a software prototype was developed that implements the specified method, with the help of which an experiment was carried out (using the ExeBench dataset containing about 200 thousand functions in the C programming language), which made it possible to derive an analytical relationship between the sizes of the source and machine codes. The scientific novelty consists both in the general development of a new intellectual direction of reverse engineering of machine code, and in the author's solution to the particular problem of predicting the size of a program's source code from its binary representation.
Keywords: reengineering, reverse engineering, genetic algorithm, vulnerability, machine code, method, prototype,
experiment, analytical dependence.

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The purpose of the article: adaptation of the logical-probabilistic method of evaluating complex systems to the tasks of building information security systems in a multiagent system. Research method: during the research, the main provisions of the methodology of structural analysis, system analysis, decision theory, methods of evaluating events under the condition of incomplete information were used. The result: this article continues the consideration of information security issues based on the analysis of the relationship between the subjects and the object of protection. It is shown that the state of the agent's relations can be obtained on the basis of appropriate assessments of states at the level of information resources and information flows from the agent. It is shown that the assessment of states can be carried out at the qualitative and quantitative levels on the basis of sets of events and messages formed in the agent as a result of external influences. The mechanisms of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the states of relations are proposed. The obtained results provide a reasonable acquisition and application of probabilistic characteristics for the subsequent application of the logical-probabilistic method in the analysis of relations between subjects and the object of protection. Scientific novelty consideration of information security issues using the apparatus of mathematical and logical relations. A hypothesis about the structure of a multiagent system from the point of view of information security is formulated. Methods of qualitative determination of the states of relations at the agent level have been developed. Methods for obtaining probabilistic estimates of the states of relations at the level have been developed. The possibility of obtaining integral probabilistic estimates for various subsystems of modern information systems by aggregating the corresponding estimates of agents is shown.
Keywords: information security model, assessment of complex systems, logical-probabilistic method, theory of relations, system analysis.

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The purpose of the research is to create a prototype of a pre-commit information security incident monitoring system at software developers' workstations to implement DevSecOps in the process of developing technical products. Research methods: analysis of ways to modernize the source code of the monitoring system components, synthesis of the information security incident monitoring system, simulation modeling of information security incidents processed by the monitoring system, experiment. Results of the study. The paper proposes a solution to ensure the security of the developed software within the framework of the DevSecOps methodology. The article describes the process of editing the source code to ensure the compatibility of the gitleaks and Filebeat software modules when creating an information security incident monitoring system. It is shown that the processes of creating a software product should be carried out in parallel with the procedures for ensuring the security of the source code. As a result, a prototype of a multicomponent pre-commit incident monitoring system that detects and provides statistics on events related to the retention of critical information within arbitrary source code. Approbation of the work and assessment of the effectiveness of the monitoring system was implemented on the basis of simulation modeling and experiment. The operability and efficiency of the monitoring system were proved, as part of the experiment, load testing was carried out in the format of sending a large stream of incidents to the system in order to check the correctness of processing each of them, and exclude the loss of incidents due to a heavy load on the network and technical modules. As a result of the research and modeling, an effective prototype of an information security incident monitoring system is proposed, which can be used by domestic development companies to ensure and improve the efficiency of cybersecurity of informatization objects, taking into account the requirements of import substitution. Novelty: for the first time, it is proposed to use a monitoring system to investigate DevSecOps incidents with an automated search for vulnerabilities in the analyzed source code.
Keywords: information security, cybersecurity, SIEM systems, monitoring systems, information security incidents, Opensearch, DevSecOps, software security, import substitution.

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Purpose of the study: to investigate the technological capabilities of various signal constructions (SC) of radio signals in order to identify the types that can most fully provide functionality of 6G communication systems. Research methods: system analysis of the parameters of promising SC options in the direction of providing enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultrareliable LowLatency Communication (URLLC) and massive Machine Type of Communication (mMTC) in terms of minimization OutofBand Emission (OOBE), PeaktoAverage Power Ratio (PAPR), compatibility ensuring with MIMO, taking into account the need to provide highspeed data transmission of multiple access and simultaneous sensing/radaring stochastic of radio channel with timefrequency dispersing (ISAC/DFRC). Results obtained: the technologicalability of the SC is defined as the ability to most fully ensure the established quality indicators and the required communication scenarios, with maximum unification of the signal structure and algorithms for its processing. A methodology for researching the technological capabilities of SC in terms of the effectiveness of their application in 6G is proposed. Estimates have been obtained and the technological capabilities of various variants of SC with multiple carrier type OFDM and with single carrier (SC), including SC type DFT-s-OFDM, have been classified. It is shown that the signal of the CP-OFDM multiple carrier technology has high OOBE and PAPR values, and the ways to improve these parameters are not technologicalability, since they are implemented through difficult and specific technical solutions. It is shown that the signal of a single broadband carrier technology DFT-s-OFDM, by definition, has a low PAPR index and, through the spectral precoding procedure, provides flexibility to software control of the parameters of the signal structure in accordance with various communication scenarios in 6G systems using typical transmitters DFT-s-OFDM. Scientific novelty: according to the proposed methodology for studying the technological capabilities of SC, it was concluded that, in accordance with the criteria of established requirements in promising 6G networks, the technologicalability of using SC CP-OFDM is inferior to the technologicalability of using SC DFT-s-OFDM, which, thanks to the procedure of spectral preliminary coding, has the flexibility of adapting (SDR) its unified structure to a wide range of application, according to the required communication scenarios.
Keywords: functional and requirements of 6G, technologicalability of signal constructions, comparison technologicalability's of application in 6G CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM.

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The purpose of the research is to analyze currently existing approaches to the synthesis of pseudo-dynamic substitution operations, to confirm the relevance of the problem of synthesizing substitution operations that satisfy a wide range of mutually exclusive requirements. Research methods: analysis and systematization of existing approaches to the synthesis of cryptographic operations sbox and pseudo-dynamic sbox. The result of the research is the conclusion that at the moment the problem of synthesizing substitution operations as the main nonlinear element of modern block ciphers and pseudo-random functions that satisfy mutually exclusive requirements is relevant. There are a number of ways to solve this problem, implying the selection of substitution operations in accordance with the requirements, the implementation of a nonlinear element of a pseudo-random function or a cryptoalgorithm as an ARX function, the use of dynamic substitutions in ciphers and the synthesis of pseudo-dynamic substitutions, which can be based on either fixed substitution operations, and ARX constructions. Substitution operations, regardless of their type, are subject to about a dozen requirements that directly affect the cryptographic strength of pseudo-random functions, permutations and cryptoalgorithms. Consequently, the problem of synthesizing replacements that satisfy a wide range of mutually exclusive parameters is basic. Synthesis of pseudo-dynamic substitution operations based on specially selected ARX functions that have differential and linear properties of equivalent substitutions, similar to randomly fixed substitution operations of the same dimension, in pseudo-random functions of the pCollapser family, potentially allows for optimal use of processor vector instructions and parallelism of information processing. The practical significance lies in substantiating the relevance of using a new approach to the synthesis of a promising cryptographic transformation pseudo-dynamic sbox, satisfying a wide range of mutually exclusive requirements for problems of cryptographic information protection.
Keywords: cryptography, cryptographic primitives, sbox, pseudo-dynamic sbox, ARX functions, pseudo-random functions.

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The purpose: accelerating the signature verification in post-quantum cryptographic systems by applying fast algorithms to calculations over polynomials. Research methods: comparative analysis of post-quantum algorithms accepted for standardization, mathematical modeling of the signature verification, optimization by synthesizing fast algorithms.
Results: the areas of application of the Falcon signature scheme are determined based on communication costs, resistance to brute-force attacks, the paradigms and primitives used, and performance on low-power devices, as a result the importance of optimization is justified. A mathematical description of the problem that substantiates the Falcon cryptographic strength is given, and resource-intensive operations used in this problem are determined. The algorithms used to optimize the signature verification in the Falcon reference implementation are considered, and the rationale for their ineffectiveness for Falcon in low-power devices is given. An optimization method by synthesizing fast algorithms for calculating the Number Theoretic Transform and a fast reduction algorithm is proposed. Based on this method, an implementation of the optimization algorithm in C language has been developed. Practical value: the proposed optimization method does not use the architectural features of the environment and does not require storing additional precomputed values, due to which it can be widely used in various fields. The developed implementation of the optimization algorithm based on the proposed optimization method can be embedded in the Falcon reference implementation.
Keywords: lattice theory, Falcon, NTT, multiplicative group, reduction, Montgomery multiplication.

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Purpose of work is eliminating the vulnerability of well-known algebraic signature algorithms with multiple entry of the signature into the verification equation to potential attacks using a variety of well-known signatures. Research methods: known results on the study of the structure of four-dimensional finite non-commutative associative algebras are used to generate parameters of the signature algorithm. The elimination of the said vulnerability is implemented by strengthening the randomization of the signature. The latter is provided by calculating the digital signature depending on two unique four-dimensional vectors belonging to two different hidden commutative groups of a four-dimensional non-commutative algebra used as an algebraic support, performing a formal proof of ensuring almost complete randomization of the EDS. Results of the study: a number of mathematical statements underlying the justification of the choice of parameters of algebraic signature algorithms, the security of which is based on the computational difficulty of solving large systems of power equations, are proved. It is shown that the calculation of the signature depending on two unique vectors selected from various commutative subalgebras provides almost complete randomization of the signature, which eliminates potential attacks using several known signatures, against which well-known algebraic algorithms of EDS with multiple entry of the signature into the verification equation are vulnerable. Based on the proposed method of randomization enhancement, an algebraic signature algorithm has been developed using four-dimensional finite non-commutative associative algebras as an algebraic support. Unlike the known versions of the signature algorithms with a hidden group and a doubled verification equation, two different hidden groups are used. The assessment of the security to the direct attack and to forging signature attack is given. Practical relevance: the significance of the results of the article consists in the development of a method for enhancing signature randomization, which is attractive for the implementation of practical post-quantum signature algorithms based on it, the security of which being determined by the computational difficulty of solving large systems of power equations. A specific algorithm of this type is proposed, which has relatively small sizes of the signature and of the public and secret keys.
Keywords:  finite associative algebra; non-commutative algebra; computationally difficult problem; hidden group; digital signature; signature randomization; post-quantum cryptography.

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The purpose of the study: to determine the relationship between the concepts of «information infrastructure» of the Russian Federation and «cyberspace»; to determine the prerequisites for the implementation of an increasing set of destructive influences. Research methods: system analysis, classification, comparative analysis. The results obtained: the information security system of the Russian Federation, its participants, the information infrastructure of the Russian Federation are considered and its relationship with cyberspace is determined. The formalization of the considered elements has been carried out. A graphical representation of the relationship between information infrastructure and cyberspace has been developed. Scientific novelty: a system-structural analysis of the conflict situation has been carried out, which made it possible to identify the objective reasons for the implementation of many destructive effects on critical infrastructure facilities.
Keywords: cyberspace, information security, information infrastructure, attack, destructive effects.

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The purpose of the study: study the applicability of machine learning methods and their evaluation in the field of intrusion and attack detection in the web environment. Research methods: various implementations of machine learning algorithms for determining the type and attack in the web environment are considered classification and clustering algorithms. To detect attacks, the most optimal machine learning algorithms implemented using the Scikit-learn library were selected after their consideration and comparative analysis. In this work, the parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of the studied algorithms are training time indicators, as well as characteristics from the Confusion matrix and Classification Report for classification algorithms, and Homogeneity, Completeness, V-measure for clustering algorithms. The results obtained: for the considered data sample, the most time-efficient and quality-efficient algorithm was determined and implemented - the decision tree method. The best characteristics for solving the problem were shown by decision trees; the accuracy in determining the type and subtype of an attack is 99.9662% and 99.9576%, respectively. The average attack detection time is 85.39 ms and 114.72 ms for the type and subtype, respectively. The scientific novelty is that it offers a solution to the problem of detecting and defining various types and subtypes of attacks in the web environment, which allows developing an optimal strategy for protecting Internet resources and minimizing the likelihood of loss, theft or corruption of data. Contribution of the authors: Lapina M. A., Babenko M. G., Sajid M. - selection and formulation of the research problem; Lapina M. A., Movzalevskaya V. V., Tokmakova M. E. - selection of solutions, software implementation and experiments; Lapina M. A., Movzalevskaya V. V., Tokmakova M. E., Babenko M. G. - discussions of the experimental results, analysis of the obtained results.
Keywords: web environment, classification algorithms, clustering algorithms, artificial intelligence, Internet security, threat detection methods, information security

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The purpose of the study: the aim of the work is to develop a model and algorithm based on the class of the integrated autoregression model – the moving average (hereinafter referred to as the ARIMA model), as well as to assess their quality to solve the problem of generating false dynamic properties of real nodes of computer networks when generating false network traffic of a web service, allowing on the one hand to provide a given level of similarity dynamic properties of real nodes of computer networks with false ones, and on the other hand, an acceptable level of computational complexity of the mathematical apparatus.
The methods used are: Akaike criterion, maximum likelihood method, extended Dickey – Fuller test, Philips – Perron, gradient descent, Darbin – Watson test, Harke – Bera, Cochrane criterion, direct and iterative time series generation method.
Result: the presented model makes it possible to synthesize a time series of moments of generating false web traffic, which has a relatively low error in approximating the dynamic characteristics of real network traffic in conditions of acceptable computational complexity of the process of structural parametric identification of the model and calculation of a time series for generating false web traffic. The presented algorithm makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of protecting computer network nodes by reducing the ability of an attacker to uncover the fact of generating false network traffic in terms of its dynamic characteristics.
Scientific novelty: it consists in the application of an integrated autoregression model – a moving average, taking into account its adaptive structural identification according to the Akaike criterion, parametric identification by the maximum likelihood method, hyperparametric optimization of the length of the training sample and the duration of the structural-parametric identification of the model to simulate a time series of delays between packets of false traffic of a web service of military information systems.
Keywords: time series, modeling, masking, web service, false network information objects, traffic simulation.

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The aim of the study: development and software implementation of an experimental hardware-software complex for collecting telemetry of computer networks under conditions of multi-labeled controlled computer attacks, as well as analysis of the results of simulation modelling of multi-labeled attacks obtained with the help of the implemented complex. Research methods: simulation modelling; machine learning; methods of multi-value analysis; software implementation of the hardware-software complex for the study of the property of multi-value class labels. Objects of research are theoretical and practical questions of multi-labeled class labels in the sphere of information security. Research results. A hardware-software complex for telemetry collection in the course of simulation modeling of computer attacks in computer systems with multi-label property in tabular representation is created. Hardware-software complex simulates real data corresponding to the tasks of information security. The novelty of the developed hardware-software complex is the automated parallel labeling of all computer attacks carried out on the computer network, which allows to take into account multi-label already at the stage of data collection. Using the developed hardware-software complex, multi-label data set is formed, which is diagnostic information about the network, subjected to 3 types of computer attacks made in parallel - «Denial of Service»; «Network Intelligence»; «Fuzzing». It is found that multi-label computer attack is a separate entity with its own distribution of informative significance of attribute space. Since multi-label computer attack is a separate entity, this entity can be detected by machine learning algorithms with high generalization ability capable of clustering. If the machine learning algorithm does not involve multi-label output, then even with a correctly identified cluster «inside», the lack of multi-label output leads to a classification error. Scientific and practical significance. The functionality of the proposed hardware-software complex for modeling multi-label computer attacks is described; the format of data in tabular representation, collected with the help of the developed hardware-software complex. The data generated by the hardware-software complex can be used in the development of intrusion detection tools that take into account multi-label class labels. The proposed hardware-software complex allows to investigate the multi-label property of class labels by fine-tuning the ratio of single-valued and multi-label class labels through the computer attack configurator.
Keywords: Information security, network attacks, multi-label classification, machine learning, simulation modeling,
dataset, experimental data.

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The aim of the work is to develop and formalize an algorithm for assessing the level of digital autonomy of digital space infrastructure components, allowing us to consider digital data as a bicubic system for storing attribute information. Research method: multiset methods, conceptual modeling, algorithmization of processes, resources and objects. Research result: a model and algorithm for assessing the autonomy of digital resources has been developed, allowing us to consider digital environment data not only as a source of information for owners, but also as a microsystem that allows storing service and attribute information, as well as unwanted injections. As a formal description, the numerical representation of multiset algebra is used, as one of the most effective tools for representing the processes of a binary data system. The resulting formulation solves the current problem of data formalization - modeling the processes of changing the attribute model of a digital object, as well as assessing possible changes. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a new element of conceptual modeling of model destructors - a bicubic system for assessing the level of autonomy of digital objects.
Keywords: destructor, modeling, intelligent agent, facet, hierarchy, transition rules, autonomy, digital space, system.

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Purpose of the study - the work is devoted to the study of methods for using digital twins to ensure information security of cyber-physical systems. Methodology of work. When conducting research, system analysis was used to analyze the scope of digital twins, their classifications and interaction models. When developing a digital twin prototype, mathematical models based on automata theory.
Result: as a result of the study, the concepts of a cyber-physical system and a digital twin were considered, existing methods for ensuring information security of cyber-physical systems were given, methods were obtained that increase information security when synchronizing a digital twin and a cyber-physical system, the stages of ensuring information security using a digital twin were considered, the reasons for the advantages of a digital a double for industry, as well as existing protocols by which cyber-physical systems interact with cyberspace. Scope of application of the results. The results obtained do not contradict existing regulatory documents on the protection of computer information systems and can be used to improve the efficiency of information security systems in computer information systems at the stages of their design and monitoring of operation. Scientific novelty. A conceptual model of digital twins and a classification of the problems they solve are proposed. A digital twin model has been developed for the design of information security management systems.
Keywords: synchronization, conceptual model, finite state machines, critical information infrastructure. 

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